What is the primary function of the pancreas in the human body?

The pancreas serves a crucial role in the human body primarily through its dual function as both an endocrine and exocrine gland. As an exocrine gland, it produces digestive enzymes, such as amylase, proteases, and lipase, which are essential for breaking down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in the small intestine. This enzymatic action is vital for proper digestion and nutrient absorption.

In its capacity as an endocrine gland, the pancreas produces hormones, most notably insulin and glucagon. Insulin helps regulate blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into the body's cells, while glucagon works to raise blood sugar levels when they are too low. This balance between insulin and glucagon is crucial for maintaining metabolic homeostasis.

Understanding this primary function of the pancreas helps illustrate its importance in both digestion and metabolic regulation, making it a vital organ in the human body.