What is the specialized cartilage covering the articular surfaces of bones in synovial joints called?

The specialized cartilage that covers the articular surfaces of bones in synovial joints is known as articular cartilage. This type of cartilage serves several crucial functions in the joints. It provides a smooth, lubricated surface for the bones to move against each other, which reduces friction during joint movement. Additionally, articular cartilage acts as a shock absorber, helping to cushion the forces exerted on the joint during activities like walking, running, and jumping.

Articular cartilage is composed primarily of hyaline cartilage, which is what may cause some confusion between the two terms. However, it is important to note that “articular cartilage” specifically refers to the hyaline cartilage that coats the surfaces of the bones in synovial joints, distinguishing it from other types of hyaline cartilage found in the body.

In comparing it to fibrocartilage, which is more fibrous and found in areas such as the intervertebral discs and the menisci of the knee, or elastic cartilage, which provides support with flexibility (found in structures like the ear), articular cartilage has a unique composition and function specific to the joints. This specificity is why it is accurately termed articular cartilage in the context of synovial joints.