Which artery is responsible for supplying blood to the brain?

The carotid artery is crucial for supplying blood to the brain, making it the correct answer. Specifically, there are two primary carotid arteries—one on each side of the neck—that branch from the aorta and travel upward towards the head. These arteries divide into the internal and external carotid arteries. The internal carotid arteries are particularly significant as they directly supply oxygen-rich blood to the brain, including critical areas such as the cerebral cortex and other vital structures.

In contrast, the other arteries listed serve different roles in the circulatory system. The coronary artery supplies blood to the heart muscle itself, supporting its function. The femoral artery is responsible for supplying blood to the lower extremities, while the brachial artery primarily supplies the upper arm and forearm. This distinction underscores the specialized functions of various arteries in the body’s circulatory system.