Which glands are located on top of the kidneys and release adrenaline when stimulated?

The adrenal glands are located on top of each kidney and play a crucial role in the body's response to stress. They are responsible for producing and releasing several hormones, including adrenaline (also known as epinephrine). When the body encounters a stressful situation, the adrenal glands are stimulated to release adrenaline into the bloodstream. This hormone triggers the "fight or flight" response, preparing the body to react to what is perceived as a threat by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and energy availability.

The other glands listed are associated with other functions in the body. The thyroid glands regulate metabolism and hormone levels related to growth and energy use. The pituitary glands are often referred to as the "master gland" because they control other endocrine glands and produce hormones that regulate important functions such as growth and reproduction. The pineal glands are primarily responsible for producing melatonin, which regulates sleep patterns. Each gland has distinct roles but is not involved in the immediate stress response like the adrenal glands.