Which part of the nervous system controls involuntary functions like digestion and sweating?

The autonomic nervous system is the part of the nervous system that regulates involuntary functions in the body, such as digestion, sweating, heart rate, and respiratory functions. It operates without conscious control, allowing the body to maintain homeostasis and respond automatically to internal and external stimuli.

The autonomic nervous system is further divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, which work together to balance bodily functions. For instance, during stress, the sympathetic system may increase heart rate and blood pressure, while the parasympathetic system works to calm the body and promote digestion when at rest.

In contrast, the central nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord, is responsible for processing information and coordinating the body's responses. The peripheral nervous system connects the central nervous system to the limbs and organs but does not specifically control involuntary functions. The somatic nervous system primarily governs voluntary movements and processes, such as muscle control, making it distinct from the autonomic regulatory mechanisms of involuntary actions.